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1.
Cir Pediatr ; 37(2): 89-92, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38623803

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the colon as a result of disorders in the migration and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells during embryogenesis. It is a cross-factor condition, with more than 11 genes identified in its pathogenesis, including the RET proto-onco gene. CASE REPORTS: We present the case of two siblings with total colon HD where a potentially pathogenic variant of the RET gene was found. Their father also had this condition. DISCUSSION: Prenatal diagnosis through genetic testing allows for informed decisions and care planning for the newborn, thus reducing delayed diagnosis and treatment, and minimizing long-term complications. Mutations such as the RET gene variant highlight the importance of the genetic approach in understanding and managing HD.


INTRODUCCION: La enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) se caracteriza por la ausencia de células ganglionares en los plexos submucoso y mientérico del intestino grueso, resultante de deficiencias en la migración y diferenciación de las células de la cresta neural entérica durante la embriogénesis. Es una condición multifactorial, con más de 11 genes identificados en su patogénesis, incluyendo el protooncogén RET. CASO CLINICO: Se presenta el caso de dos hermanos con EH de colon total, cuyo padre también padeció la enfermedad, y en quien se encontró una variante potencialmente patogénica en el gen RET. COMENTARIOS: El diagnóstico prenatal mediante pruebas genéticas permite decisiones informadas y la planificación de cuidados para el neonato afectado, reduciendo demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, y minimizando las complicaciones a largo plazo. La identificación de mutaciones como la variante en el gen RET destaca la importancia del enfoque genético en la comprensión y manejo de la EH.


Assuntos
Doença de Hirschsprung , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/genética , Mutação , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/genética
2.
Cir. pediátr ; 37(2): 89-92, Abr. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232272

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) se caracterizapor la ausencia de células ganglionares en los plexos submucoso y mientérico del intestino grueso, resultante de deficiencias en la migracióny diferenciación de las células de la cresta neural entérica durante laembriogénesis. Es una condición multifactorial, con más de 11 genesidentificados en su patogénesis, incluyendo el protooncogén RET.Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de dos hermanos con EH de colontotal, cuyo padre también padeció la enfermedad, y en quien se encontróuna variante potencialmente patogénica en el gen RET.Comentarios: El diagnóstico prenatal mediante pruebas genéticaspermite decisiones informadas y la planificación de cuidados para elneonato afectado, reduciendo demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento,y minimizando las complicaciones a largo plazo. La identificación demutaciones como la variante en el gen RET destaca la importancia delenfoque genético en la comprensión y manejo de la EH.(AU)


Introduction: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is characterized by theabsence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses ofthe colon as a result of disorders in the migration and differentiationof enteric neural crest cells during embryogenesis. It is a cross-factorcondition, with more than 11 genes identified in its pathogenesis, including the RET proto-onco gene.Case report: We present the case of two siblings with total colonHD where a potentially pathogenic variant of the RET gene was found.Their father also had this condition.Discussion: Prenatal diagnosis through genetic testing allows forinformed decisions and care planning for the newborn, thus reducin delayed diagnosis and treatment, and minimizing long-term complications. Mutations such as the RET gene variant highlight the importanceof the genetic approach in understanding and managing HD.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Doença de Hirschsprung , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Genética , Doenças do Recém-Nascido , Mecônio
3.
Cir Pediatr ; 36(3): 110-115, 2023 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37417214

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Considering that intubation time is the primary cause of subglottic stenosis, tracheostomy is suggested in adult patients following 10-15 days. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between intubation time and stenosis in pediatric patients, as well as to establish whether there is an adequate timing for tracheostomy in order to reduce the incidence of stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study (2014-2019) of tracheostomized newborns and children after an intubation period was carried out. Endoscopic findings at tracheostomy were analyzed. RESULTS: Tracheostomy was conducted in 189 patients, 72 of whom met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 40 months (1 month - 16 years). The incidence of stenosis was 21%, with a mean age of 23 months and a mean intubation time of 30 days vs. 19 days in the non-stenosis group (p= 0.02). The incidence of stenosis increased by 7% five days following intubation, reaching 20% after one month. Patients under 6 months old had greater tolerance to intubation periods without stenosis (incidence < 6% after 40 days, and median time to stenosis of 56 days vs. 24 days in patients over 6 months old). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with long intubation periods, preventive measures should be taken in order to avoid laryngotracheal injuries, and early tracheostomy should be considered.


OBJETIVOS: Considerando el tiempo de intubación la principal causa de estenosis subglótica, en adultos se sugiere realizar una traqueostomía a los 10-15 días. Se buscó determinar la asociación entre tiempo de intubación y estenosis en pediatría y establecer si existe, un momento en el que realizar una traqueostomía reduciría la incidencia de estenosis. MATERIAL Y METODO: Estudio retrospectivo (2014-2019) de neonatos y niños traqueostomizados luego de un período de intubación. Se analizaron los hallazgos endoscópicos al realizar la traqueostomía. RESULTADOS: Se traqueostomizaron 189 pacientes y 72 cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La edad media fue de 40 meses (1 mes a 16 años). La incidencia de estenosis fue de 21%, con edad media de 23 meses e intubación media de 30 días versus en el grupo sin estenosis fue de 19 días (p= 0 ,02). La incidencia de estenosis aumentó un 7% a los cinco días de intubación alcanzando el 20% al mes. Los menores de 6 meses presentaron mayor tolerancia a períodos de intubación sin estenosis (incidencia < 6% luego de 40 días y mediana de tiempo hasta la estenosis de 56 días, versus 24 días en mayores de 6 meses). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados favorables del tratamiento con sirolimus en nuestros pacientes parecen confirmar la efectividad y seguridad del fármaco en anomalías vasculares y lo posicionan como una opción terapéutica en pacientes pediátricos. Aun así, parece necesaria mayor investigación que trate de aclarar, entre otros, el régimen óptimo del tratamiento, la duración del mismo y los potenciales efectos adversos a largo plazo.


Assuntos
Laringoestenose , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Laringoestenose/epidemiologia , Laringoestenose/etiologia , Laringoestenose/cirurgia , Traqueostomia/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Constrição Patológica/complicações
4.
Cir. pediátr ; 36(3): 110-115, Jul. 2023. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222804

RESUMO

Objetivos: Considerando el tiempo de intubación la principal causade estenosis subglótica, en adultos se sugiere realizar una traqueostomíaa los 10-15 días. Se buscó determinar la asociación entre tiempo deintubación y estenosis en pediatría y establecer si existe, un momentoen el que realizar una traqueostomía reduciría la incidencia de estenosis. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo (2014-2019) de neonatos y niños traqueostomizados luego de un período de intubación. Se analizaron los hallazgos endoscópicos al realizar la traqueostomía.Resultados: Se traqueostomizaron 189 pacientes y 72 cumplieroncriterios de inclusión. La edad media fue de 40 meses (1 mes a 16 años).La incidencia de estenosis fue de 21%, con edad media de 23 meses eintubación media de 30 días versus en el grupo sin estenosis fue de 19días (p= 0 ,02). La incidencia de estenosis aumentó un 7% a los cincodías de intubación alcanzando el 20% al mes. Los menores de 6 mesespresentaron mayor tolerancia a períodos de intubación sin estenosis(incidencia <6% luego de 40 días y mediana de tiempo hasta la estenosisde 56 días, versus 24 días en mayores de 6 meses). Conclusiones: En pacientes con intubación prolongada, se debentomar medidas preventivas para evitar el desarrollo de lesiones laringotraqueales incluyendo la consideración de una traqueostomía temprana.(AU)


Objective: Considering that intubation time is the primary cause ofsubglottic stenosis, tracheostomy is suggested in adult patients following10-15 days. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between intubation time and stenosis in pediatric patients, as well as toestablish whether there is an adequate timing for tracheostomy in orderto reduce the incidence of stenosis. Materials and methods: A retrospective study (2014-2019) oftracheostomized newborns and children after an intubation period wascarried out. Endoscopic findings at tracheostomy were analyzed.Results: Tracheostomy was conducted in 189 patients, 72 of whommet inclusion criteria. Mean age was 40 months (1 month - 16 years). The incidence of stenosis was 21%, with a mean age of 23 months anda mean intubation time of 30 days vs. 19 days in the non-stenosis group(p=0.02). The incidence of stenosis increased by 7% five days followingintubation, reaching 20% after one month. Patients under 6 months oldhad greater tolerance to intubation periods without stenosis (incidence<6% after 40 days, and median time to stenosis of 56 days vs. 24 daysin patients over 6 months old). Conclusions: In patients with long intubation periods, preventivemeasures should be taken in order to avoid laryngotracheal injuries, andearly tracheostomy should be considered.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Constrição Patológica , Intubação Intratraqueal , Traqueostomia , Estenose Traqueal , Laringoestenose , Cirurgia Geral , Pediatria , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , Fatores de Risco
5.
Prensa méd. argent ; 108(3): 132-135, 20220000. fig, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1373064

RESUMO

Introducción: Los tumores de las glándulas salivales son infrecuentes en la población en general y comprenden menos del 3% de los tumores de cabeza y cuello1 . En pediatría el 90% corresponden a tumores de la glándula parótida,2 siendo en su mayoría tumores benignos. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de tumores parotídeos en un centro de referencia, haciendo hincapié en la variabilidad etiológica y la presentación por grupos etarios. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes menores de 18 años con tumores de parótida en un periodo de 10 años: de 2011 a 2021, seguidos en el Servicio de Cirugía General Pediátrica del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes pediátricos que presentaron tumor en la región parotídea seguidos o tratados en este centro, se excluyeron aquellos que no se pudieron recabar los datos de forma completa. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, forma de presentación, estudios complementarios, tipo de tratamiento, histología, complicaciones. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 33 pacientes, de estos un 64% (N = 21) fueron mujeres, con una relación mujer/hombre de 1,7. La media de edad al diagnóstico fue de 8.5 años, siendo 2 de diagnóstico prenatal y hasta los 18 años. La localización fue en un 57% (N = 19) izquierda, el 43% restante derecha. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la masa palpable en región parotídea 75% (N=25), en dos pacientes fue un hallazgo en estudios por imágenes: resonancia prenatal y otro por resonancia de cerebro. Conclusiones: en pediatría, a diferencia de la población adulta, se presentan una gran variedad de diagnósticos, que incluye desde lesiones vasculares hasta tumores malignos. Debido a que las lesiones parotídeas malignas son clínicamente indistinguibles de las benignas, es importante establecer un diagnóstico preciso. Esta serie representa esta diversidad etiológica en pediatría, así como la distribución etaria comparada con la descrita por la literatura


Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are rare in the general population and comprise less than 3% of head and neck tumors1. In pediatrics, 90% correspond to tumors of the parotid gland,2 being mostly benign tumors. Objective: To describe the incidence of parotid tumors in a reference center, emphasizing the etiological variability and the presentation by age groups. Materials and methods: Tis is a retrospective cohort study of patients under 18 years of age with parotid tumors over a period of 10 years: from 2011 to 2021, followed up at the Pediatric General Surgery Service of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires. All pediatric patients who presented tumor in the parotid region followed up or treated in this center were included, those who could not collect the data completely were excluded. Te variables analyzed were age, sex, form of presentation, complementary studies, type of treatment, histology, and complications. Results: A total of 33 patients were analyzed, of which 64% (N = 21) were women, with a female/male ratio of 1.7. Te mean age at diagnosis was 8.5 years, with 2 prenatal diagnoses and up to 18 years. Te location was 57% (N = 19) left, the remaining 43% right. Te most frequent form of presentation was a palpable mass in the parotid region 75% (N=25), in two patients it was a finding in imaging studies: prenatal MRI and another by brain MRI. Conclusions: in pediatrics, unlike the adult population, a wide variety of diagnoses are presented, ranging from vascular lesions to malignant tumors. Because malignant parotid lesions are clinically indistinguishable from benign ones, it is important to establish an accurate diagnosis. Tis series represents this etiological diversity in pediatrics, as well as the age distribution compared to that described in the literature


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Neoplasias Parotídeas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Parotídeas/etiologia , Neoplasias Parotídeas/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Diagnóstico Precoce
6.
Cir Pediatr ; 34(2): 63-66, 2021 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33826257

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combined ultrasonography and parathyroid scintigraphy improves hyperplastic parathyroid gland detection in the pediatric population for parathyroidectomy planning in patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational and analytical retrospective cohort study was carried out. Patients diagnosed with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism from 2011 to 2018 undergoing total or subtotal parathyroidectomy were included - provided there was information available on pathological examination and surgical protocol. RESULTS: N = 15 patients. A total of 53 parathyroid glands diagnosed with hyperplasia using either of the imaging methods were analyzed. For each method (ultrasonography and scintigraphy) and the combination of both, sensitivity and area under the curve were calculated, using pathological examination result as a reference. Ultrasonography and scintigraphy diagnostic match was 66%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The intraoperative difficulty of parathyroid gland identification as well as the anatomical variation that these present is well-known. Ultrasonography detected more glands than scintigraphy when diagnosing parathyroid hyperplasia. The combination of both methods allows patients with a first negative study to be detected.


OBJETIVO: Determinar si la combinación de la ecografía y la gammagrafia paratiroidea mejora la capacidad de detección de glándulas paratiroideas hiperplásicas en población pediátrica para la planificación de paratiroidectomía en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio observacional y analítico de una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario, entre 2011 y 2018, que fueron operados de paratiroidectomía total o subtotal, en los que haya podido recabarse información de la anatomía patológica y protocolo quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: N = 15 pacientes. Se analizaron un total de 53 glándulas paratiroides con diagnóstico de hiperplasia en alguno de los métodos por imágenes evaluados. Para cada método (ecografía y gammagrafía) y para la combinación de ambos, se obtuvieron la sensibilidad y área bajo la curva, tomando como referencia el resultado obtenido por anatomía patológica. La concordancia en el diagnóstico de la ecografía y de la gammagrafía fue del 66%. DISCUSION Y CONCLUSIONES: Es bien conocida la dificultad intraquirúrgica que se plantea en cuanto a la localización de las glándulas paratiroides así como la variación anatómica que estas presentan. La ecografía detectó más glándulas que la gammagrafía en el diagnóstico de hiperplasia paratiroidea. La combinación de ambos métodos permite detectar a aquellos pacientes en los cuales un primer estudio resultó negativo.


Assuntos
Hiperparatireoidismo , Tecnécio Tc 99m Sestamibi , Criança , Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cintilografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia
7.
Cir. pediátr ; 34(2): 63-66, Abr. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216559

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar si la combinación de la ecografía y la gammagrafia paratiroidea mejora la capacidad de detección de glándulas paratiroideas hiperplásicas en población pediátrica para la planificación de paratiroidectomía en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y analítico de una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario, entre 2011 y 2018, que fueron operados de paratiroidectomía total o subtotal, en los que haya podido recabarseinformación de la anatomía patológica y protocolo quirúrgico. Resultados: N = 15 pacientes. Se analizaron un total de 53 glándulasparatiroides con diagnóstico de hiperplasia en alguno de los métodospor imágenes evaluados. Para cada método (ecografía y gammagrafía) y para la combinación de ambos, se obtuvieron la sensibilidad y área bajola curva, tomando como referencia el resultado obtenido por anatomíapatológica. La concordancia en el diagnóstico de la ecografía y de lagammagrafía fue del 66%. Discusión y conclusiones: Es bien conocida la dificultad intraquirúrgica que se plantea en cuanto a la localización de las glándulas paratiroides así como la variación anatómica que estas presentan. La ecografía detectó más glándulas que la gammagrafía en el diagnósticode hiperplasia paratiroidea. La combinación de ambos métodos permitedetectar a aquellos pacientes en los cuales un primer estudio resultónegativo.(AU)


Objective: To determine whether combined ultrasonography andparathyroid scintigraphy improves hyperplastic parathyroid gland detection in the pediatric population for parathyroidectomy planning in patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods: An observational and analytical retrospective cohort study was carried out. Patients diagnosed with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism from 2011 to 2018 undergoing total orsubtotal parathyroidectomy were included – provided there was information available on pathological examination and surgical protocol. Results: N = 15 patients. A total of 53 parathyroid glands diagnosedwith hyperplasia using either of the imaging methods were analyzed.For each method (ultrasonography and scintigraphy) and the combination of both, sensitivity and area under the curve were calculated, using pathological examination result as a reference. Ultrasonography andscintigraphy diagnostic match was 66%. Discussion and conclusions: The intraoperative difficulty of parathyroid gland identification is well-known. Ultrasonography detected more cases than scintigraphy when diagnosing parathyroid hyperplasia.The combination of both methods allows patients with a first negativestudy to be detected.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Ultrassonografia , Cintilografia , Liberação de Cirurgia , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/diagnóstico , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/cirurgia , Glândulas Paratireoides , Pediatria , Cirurgia Geral , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Argentina
8.
Bioinformatics ; 36(3): 966-969, 2020 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31418770

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Standard bioinformatics pipelines for the analysis of bacterial transcriptomic data commonly ignore non-coding but functional elements e.g. small RNAs, long antisense RNAs or untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA transcripts. The root of this problem is the use of incomplete genome annotation files. Here, we present baerhunter, a coverage-based method implemented in R, that automates the discovery of expressed non-coding RNAs and UTRs from RNA-seq reads mapped to a reference genome. The core algorithm is part of a pipeline that facilitates downstream analysis of both coding and non-coding features. The method is simple, easy to extend and customize and, in limited tests with simulated and real data, compares favourably against the currently most popular alternative. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The baerhunter R package is available from: https://github.com/irilenia/baerhunter. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Assuntos
RNA Bacteriano , RNA-Seq , Genoma , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Software
9.
Cir Pediatr ; 32(3): 135-140, 2019 Jul 29.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31486305

RESUMO

PURPOUSE: Thyroid nodules are unusual findings in children. Some authors highlight the higher rate of malignancy in this group. The Bethesda system, created in adults to stratify thyroid nodules according to the risk of malignancy, constitutes a reference system for the management of this pathology. The American Thyroid Association promotes its use in the pediatric population, although there is no available data showing an equivalent risk. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of malignancy represented by each Bethesda stage in a pediatric study population. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in pediatric patients with thyroid nodules biopsied by fine needle aspiration, during the period 2005-2017. During the follow-up, the outcome was assessed by comparing the Bethesda stage (cytology) with the surgical specimen histology. For patients not surgically treated, Bethesda Class was compared with the clinical and imaging follow up. RESULTS: 105 patients with fine needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule were analyzed and classified by the Bethesda system. 47 patients were excluded for incomplete follow-up. All Bethesda I nodules were benign, 6.6% of Bethesda II were malignant and all Bethesda IV, V and VI nodules were histologically malignant. CONCLUSION: The rate of malignancy among patients with Bethesda II, IV, V and VI was higher than published in Bethesda classification for adults. The risk of malignancy in pediatric patients might be greater than expected. These results may have a significant impact on follow-up strategies and also in therapeutic algorithms.


OBJETIVO: El nódulo tiroideo es un hallazgo infrecuente en pediatría. Algunos autores destacan la mayor tasa de malignidad en este grupo. La clasificación Bethesda, creada en pacientes adultos para estratificar los nódulos tiroideos según el riesgo de malignidad, constituye un sistema de referencia en el algoritmo terapéutico de esta patología. La American Thyroid Association propone homologar esta clasificación a la población pediátrica, si bien no existen datos que demuestren que el riesgo sea equivalente. El objetivo fue evaluar el riesgo de malignidad de cada categoría Bethesda en la población pediátrica. MATERIALES Y METODO: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes pediátricos con nódulos tiroideos punzados con aguja fina durante el periodo 2005-2017. Luego se analizó su evolución ulterior comparando la categoría Bethesda asignada (citología) con la histología de la pieza quirúrgica. Para los pacientes sin indicación quirúrgica, se comparó con la evolución clínica e imagenológica. RESULTADOS: 105 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se excluyeron 47 por seguimiento inadecuado. El 100% de los Bethesda I fueron nódulos benignos. El 6,5% de los Bethesda II fueron malignos. Todos los nódulos Bethesda IV, V y VI fueron malignos por histología. CONCLUSION: El porcentaje de malignidad entre los nódulos Bethesda II, IV, V y VI fue mayor al publicado. El riesgo de malignidad entre los pacientes pediátricos podría ser mayor al descrito en adultos para cada categoría de Bethesda. Estos resultados podrían ser significativos a la hora de establecer las estrategias tanto terapéuticas como de seguimiento.


Assuntos
Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adolescente , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico
10.
Cir. pediátr ; 32(3): 135-140, jul. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183732

RESUMO

Objetivo: El nódulo tiroideo es un hallazgo infrecuente en pediatría. Algunos autores destacan la mayor tasa de malignidad en este grupo. La clasificación Bethesda, creada en pacientes adultos para estratificar los nódulos tiroideos según el riesgo de malignidad, constituye un sistema de referencia en el algoritmo terapéutico de esta patología. La American Thyroid Association propone homologar esta clasificación a la población pediátrica, si bien no existen datos que demuestren que el riesgo sea equivalente. El objetivo fue evaluar el riesgo de malignidad de cada categoría Bethesda en la población pediátrica. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes pediátricos con nódulos tiroideos punzados con aguja fina durante el periodo 2005-2017. Luego se analizó su evolución ulterior comparando la categoría Bethesda asignada (citología) con la histología de la pieza quirúrgica. Para los pacientes sin indicación quirúrgica, se comparó con la evolución clínica e imagenológica. Resultados: 105 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se excluyeron 47 por seguimiento inadecuado. El 100% de los Bethesda I fueron nódulos benignos. El 6,5% de los Bethesda II fueron malignos. Todos los nódulos Bethesda IV, V y VI fueron malignos por histología. Conclusión: El porcentaje de malignidad entre los nódulos Bethesda II, IV, V y VI fue mayor al publicado. El riesgo de malignidad entre los pacientes pediátricos podría ser mayor al descrito en adultos para cada categoría de Bethesda. Estos resultados podrían ser significativos a la hora de establecer las estrategias tanto terapéuticas como de seguimiento


Purpose: Thyroid nodules are unusual findings in children. Some authors highlight the higher rate of malignancy in this group. The Bethesda system, created in adults to stratify thyroid nodules according to the risk of malignancy, constitutes a reference system for the management of this pathology. The American Thyroid Association promotes its use in the pediatric population, although there is no available data showing an equivalent risk. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of malignancy represented by each Bethesda stage in a pediatric study population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in pediatric patients with thyroid nodules biopsied by fine needle aspiration, during the period 2005-2017. During the follow-up, the outcome was assessed by comparing the Bethesda stage (cytology) with the surgical specimen histology. For patients not surgically treated, Bethesda Class was compared with the clinical and imaging follow up. Results: 105 patients with fine needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule were analyzed and classified by the Bethesda system. 47 patients were excluded for incomplete follow-up. All Bethesda I nodules were benign, 6.6% of Bethesda II were malignant and all Bethesda IV, V and VI nodules were histologically malignant. Conclusion: The rate of malignancy among patients with Bethesda II, IV, V and VI was higher than published in Bethesda classification for adults. The risk of malignancy in pediatric patients might be greater than expected. These results may have a significant impact on follow-up strategies and also in therapeutic algorithms


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
11.
Cir Pediatr ; 31(1): 39-45, 2018 Feb 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29419958

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe our initial experience in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism (HPP) of renal cause using total or subtotal parathyroidectomy, autoimplant and cryopreservation in pediatric patients. Secondary HPP is the increased function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to an abnormal phosphocalcic metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This situation produces increased bone resorption resulting in osteodystrophy and endovascular calcifications. Surgical treatment is aimed to diminish the level of PTH in CRF patients, to avoid HPP complications. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Descriptive, monocentric and retrospective study of a case series of patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, who went through total or subtotal parathyroidectomy, autoimplant and cryopreservation between 2009 and 2016. We analyzed the following variables: age, calcemia, PTH, phosphatemia, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), follow-up and complications. The continuous variables are expressed in median and interquartile range or in mean and SD, according to their distribution. The categorical variables were expressed in percentages and frequencies (repeated sentence). RESULTS: Number of patients included: 13. Mean age of the patients was 16.7 years old. Preoperative median calcium dosage was 9.1 mg/dl (IQR: 8.9-9.5). Median PTH was 2,600 pg/ml (IQR: 1,400 pg/ml to 2,785 pg/ml). Intraoperatory dosage of PTH reported a median drop of 86.6% in the first 15 minutes (IQR: 80.5-95.9). After the first 48 hours, median calcemia was 9 mg/dl (IQR: 7.7-9.4) and median PTH was 40 pg/ml (IQR: 20-113). We did not identify intraoperatory complications. In the immediate post operatory stage, mean IV calcium therapy was 4 days (SD: 2.39). Median time of follow-up was 18 months (IQR 9-36). Two patients had hungry bone syndrome and one patient had a recurrence of the pathology as remote post operatory complications. After a year, median calcemia, was 9 mg/dl (IQR: 7.6-9.3) and median PTH was 50 pg/ml (IQR: 28.5-108). The decrease in PTH and ALP were statistically significant with p value < 0.05. CONCLUSION: In our study, total parathyroidectomy with auto implant is a safe and effective option for the treatment of secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism in pediatric patients. This could also prevent bone complications.


OBJETIVOS: Describir la experiencia en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo (HPP) de origen renal con la técnica de la paratiroidectomía total o subtotal, autoimplante y criopreservación en pacientes pediátricos y adultos jóvenes. El HPP secundario es el aumento de la función de las hormonas paratiroideas debido a una alteración en el metabolismo fosfocálcico a partir de la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). Esto produce una mayor resorción ósea, provocando alteraciones en los huesos y calcificaciones en el endotelio vascular. El tratamiento quirúrgico se indica para disminuir el nivel de parathormona (PTH), y así prevenir las complicaciones del hiperparatiroidismo en pacientes con IRC terminal. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, monocéntrico de una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de HPP secundario y terciario sometidos a paratiroidectomía total, autoimplante y criopreservación entre 2009 y 2016. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: Edad, Calcemia, PTH, Fosfatemia, Fosfatasa alcalina (FAL), tiempo de seguimiento y complicaciones. Las variables continuas se expresan en mediana y rango intercuartil o en media y DS, según su distribución. Las variables categóricas se expresaron en porcentajes y frecuencias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 13 pacientes. La edad media fue 16,7 años (R= 11:24). La mediana de calcemia preoperatoria fue 9,1 mg/dl (RIQ: 8,9-9,5). La mediana preoperatoria de PTH fue 2.600 pg/ml (RIQ: 1.400-2.785). La medición del descenso porcentual de PTHi ultrarrápida informó una mediana de 86,6% en los primeros 15 minutos (RIQ: 80,5-95,9). No se identificaron complicaciones intraoperatorias. A las 48 horas posquirúrgicas, la mediana de calcemia fue de 9 mg/dl (RIQ: 7,7-9,4) y la mediana de PTH de 40 pg/ml (RIQ: 20-113). La media de aporte de calcio endovenoso posquirúrgico fue de 4 días (DS 2,39). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 18 meses (RIQ 9-36). Como complicaciones posoperatorias tardías se identificaron dos pacientes con síndrome de hueso hambriento y un paciente con recidiva de la enfermedad. Al año postoperatorio la mediana de calcemia, fue de 9 mg/dl (RIQ: 7,6-9,3). La mediana de PTH fue de 50 pg/ml (RIQ: 28,5-108)y la de FAL fue de 116 UI/L (RIQ 102:273). El descenso de PTH y de FAL fueron estadísticamente significativos con p valor < 0,05. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio, la paratiroidectomía total con autoimplante es una alternativa segura y efectiva para el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y terciario en pediatría, permitiendo prevenir así complicaciones óseas y cardiovasculares.


Assuntos
Criopreservação/métodos , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/cirurgia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Paratireoidectomia/métodos , Adolescente , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/etiologia , Masculino , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Cir. pediátr ; 31(1): 39-45, ene. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170530

RESUMO

Objetivos. Describir la experiencia en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo (HPP) de origen renal con la técnica de la paratiroidectomía total o subtotal, autoimplante y criopreservación en pacientes pediátricos y adultos jóvenes. El HPP secundario es el aumento de la función de las hormonas paratiroideas debido a una alteración en el metabolismo fosfocálcico a partir de la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). Esto produce una mayor resorción ósea, provocando alteraciones en los huesos y calcificaciones en el endotelio vascular. El tratamiento quirúrgico se indica para disminuir el nivel de parathormona (PTH), y así prevenir las complicaciones del hiperparatiroidismo en pacientes con IRC terminal. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, monocéntrico de una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de HPP secundario y terciario sometidos a paratiroidectomía total, autoimplante y criopreservación entre 2009 y 2016. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: Edad, Calcemia, PTH, Fosfatemia, Fosfatasa alcalina (FAL), tiempo de seguimiento y complicaciones. Las variables continuas se expresan en mediana y rango intercuartil o en media y DS, según su distribución. Las variables categóricas se expresaron en porcentajes y frecuencias. Resultados. Se incluyeron 13 pacientes. La edad media fue 16,7 años (R= 11:24). La mediana de calcemia preoperatoria fue 9,1 mg/dl (RIQ: 8,9-9,5). La mediana preoperatoria de PTH fue 2.600 pg/ml (RIQ: 1.400-2.785). La medición del descenso porcentual de PTHi ultrarrápida informó una mediana de 86,6% en los primeros 15 minutos (RIQ: 80,5-95,9). No se identificaron complicaciones intraoperatorias. A las 48 horas posquirúrgicas, la mediana de calcemia fue de 9 mg/dl (RIQ: 7,7-9,4) y la mediana de PTH de 40 pg/ml (RIQ: 20-113). La media de aporte de calcio endovenoso posquirúrgico fue de 4 días (DS 2,39). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 18 meses (RIQ 9-36). Como complicaciones posoperatorias tardías se identificaron dos pacientes con síndrome de hueso hambriento y un paciente con recidiva de la enfermedad. Al año postoperatorio la mediana de calcemia, fue de 9 mg/ dl (RIQ: 7,6-9,3). La mediana de PTH fue de 50 pg/ml (RIQ: 28,5-108) y la de FAL fue de 116 UI/L (RIQ 102:273). El descenso de PTH y de FAL fueron estadísticamente significativos con p valor < 0,05. Conclusiones. En nuestro estudio, la paratiroidectomía total con autoimplante es una alternativa segura y efectiva para el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y terciario en pediatría, permitiendo prevenir así complicaciones óseas y cardiovasculares (AU)


Objectives. To describe our initial experience in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism (HPP) of renal cause using total or subtotal parathyroidectomy, autoimplant and cryopreservation in pediatric patients. Secondary HPP is the increased function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to an abnormal phosphocalcic metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This situation produces increased bone resorption resulting in osteodystrophy and endovascular calcifications. Surgical treatment is aimed to diminish the level of PTH in CRF patients, to avoid HPP complications. Method and materials. Descriptive, monocentric and retrospective study of a case series of patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, who went through total or subtotal parathyroidectomy, autoimplant and cryopreservation between 2009 and 2016. We analyzed the following variables: age, calcemia, PTH, phosphatemia, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), follow-up and complications. The continuous variables are expressed in median and interquartile range or in mean and SD, according to their distribution. The categorical variables were expressed in percentages and frequencies (repeated sentence). Results. Number of patients included: 13. Mean age of the patients was 16.7 years old. Preoperative median calcium dosage was 9.1 mg/ dl (IQR: 8.9-9.5). Median PTH was 2,600 pg/ml (IQR: 1,400 pg/ml to 2,785 pg/ml). Intraoperatory dosage of PTH reported a median drop of 86.6% in the first 15 minutes (IQR: 80.5-95.9). After the first 48 hours, median calcemia was 9 mg/dl (IQR: 7.7-9.4) and median PTH was 40 pg/ml (IQR: 20-113). We did not identify intraoperatory complications. In the immediate post operatory stage, mean IV calcium therapy was 4 days (SD: 2.39). Median time of follow-up was 18 months (IQR 9-36). Two patients had hungry bone syndrome and one patient had a recurrence of the pathology as remote post operatory complications. After a year, median calcemia, was 9 mg/dl (IQR: 7.6-9.3) and median PTH was 50 pg/ml (IQR: 28.5-108). The decrease in PTH and ALP were statistically significant with p value (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Hiperparatireoidismo/diagnóstico , Hiperparatireoidismo/cirurgia , Paratireoidectomia/métodos , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Transplante Autólogo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica/complicações , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos
13.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 190(2): 208-216, 2017 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28681919

RESUMO

T helper 9 (Th9) cells and interleukin (IL)-9 are involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. The exact role of IL-9 and Th9 cells in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have not yet been studied adequately. IL-9, IL-9R, transcription factor PU.1 (PU.1), IL-4, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß expression were assessed in skin and kidney biopsies of SSc patients and healthy controls (HC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The cellular source of IL-9 was also analysed by confocal microscopy analysis. Peripheral IL-9-producing cells were also studied by flow cytometry. The functional relevance of IL-9 increased expression in SSc was also investigated. Our results demonstrated a strong expression of IL-9, IL-9R, IL-4, TSLP and TGF-ß in skin tissues of patients with both limited and diffuse SSc. IL-9 expression was observed mainly in the context of skin infiltrating mononuclear cells and keratinizing squamous epithelium. IL-9 over-expression was also observed in renal biopsies of patients with SSc. IL-9 producing cells in the skin were identified as Th9 cells. Similarly, Th9 cells were expanded and were the major source of IL-9 among SSc peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), their percentage being correlated directly with the modified Rodnan skin score. Infiltrating mononuclear cells, mast cells and neutrophils expressed IL-9R. In in-vitro studies stimulation with rIL-9 significantly induced NET (neutrophil extracellular traps) release by dying cells (NETosis) in neutrophils, expansion of mast cells and increase of anti-systemic scleroderma 70 (Scl70) production by B cells. Our findings suggest that Th9 cells and IL-9 could be implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Escleroderma Sistêmico/imunologia , Adulto , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/classificação , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-4/genética , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-9/sangue , Interleucina-9/genética , Interleucina-9/imunologia , Masculino , Mastócitos/imunologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-9/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Escleroderma Sistêmico/fisiopatologia , Pele/imunologia , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologia , Transativadores/genética , Transativadores/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Linfopoietina do Estroma do Timo
14.
Cir. pediátr ; 29(4): 135-141, oct. 2016. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162208

RESUMO

Introducción. Los tumores de la región parotídea son raros en Pediatría, y suelen presentar múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales que requieren diferentes métodos diagnósticos y de tratamiento. Material y Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de todos los pacientes pediátricos consecutivos con tumores de la región parotídea en el periodo 2003-2016, que fueron atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se incluyeron 22 pacientes con tumores de la región parotídea. El 72% (n=16) fueron pacientes del sexo femenino. La mediana de edad fue de 10 años (rango: prenatal a 19 años). Estudios complementarios: Ecografía, TC y RMN. Confirmación diagnóstica: biopsia por punción o quirúrgica (14), biopsia de adenopatías (3), diagnóstico por imágenes (4), laboratorio (1). Tratamiento: resección quirúrgica (12), tratamiento médico (7), escleroterapia (2). Diagnósticos diferenciales: adenoma pleomorfo (4), hemangioma infantil (4), malformación vascular de bajo flujo (2), PNET (2), enfermedad de Castleman (1), schwannoma (1), neuroblastoma (1), rabdomiosarcoma alveolar (1), carcinoma mucoepidermoide (1), RICH (hemangioma congénito rápidamente involutivo) (1), enfermedad granulomatosa (1), adenitis reactiva (1), quiste parotídeo (1), LLA (leucemina linfoblástica aguda) (1). Seguimiento medio de 42,5 meses: libres de enfermedad (18), realizando tratamiento médico (3), óbito (1). Conclusiones. Nuestra serie demuestra la gran variedad diagnóstica que pueden presentar los tumores de la región parotídea en la población pediátrica y concuerda con la literatura donde se observa mayor incidencia de lesiones benignas. Sin embargo, es difícil predecir el riesgo de malignidad. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico exhaustivo, utilizando métodos complementarios de imágenes y biopsia ante la duda diagnóstica


Introduction. Parotid tumors are rare in children and usually have multiple differential diagnoses that require different diagnostic and treatment methods. Material and Methods. Retrospective cohort study of all consecutive pediatric patients with parotid tumors that were treated in Pediatric Surgery Service of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Results. Twenty-two patients with parotid tumors were included and 72% (n=16) were female patients. The median age was 10 years (range: prenatal to 19 years). Imaging studies: ultrasound, CT and MRI. Diagnostic methods: needle or open biopsy (14), biopsy of lymph nodes (3), imaging (4), blood test (1). Treatment: surgical resection (12), medical treatment (7), sclerotherapy (2). Diverse histological diagnosis were obtained: pleomorphic adenoma (4), infantile hemangioma (4), PNET (2), low flow vascular malformation (2), Castleman’s disease (1), schwannoma (1), neuroblastoma (1), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (1), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1) RICH (Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma) (1), granulomatous disease (1), reactive adenitis (1), parotid cyst (1), ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) (1). Follow-up (42,5 months): 18 patients are free of disease, 3 are currently under medical treatment and 1 died. Conclusions. Our series shows the diversity that parotid tumor can present in pediatric population and is consistent with the literature there the incidence of benign lesions are predominant. However, it is difficult to predict risk of malignancy. An exhaustive diagnosis is important, using complementary methods and biopsy whenever that is necessary


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Neoplasias Parotídeas/epidemiologia , Adenoma Pleomorfo/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Biópsia por Agulha
15.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 186(3): 277-283, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27543964

RESUMO

Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-23 and, more recently, IL-9, have been implicated in the initiation/maintenance of inflammation in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In the present study we aimed to characterize the role of γδ T cells in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of PsA patients and to investigate their response to in-vitro stimulation with antigen or cytokines (IL-9 and IL-23). γδ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial fluid were analysed by flow cytometry to evaluate the phenotype and cytokine production. IL-23R and IL-9R gene expression were also evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), sorted γδ T cells and γδ cell lines were also stimulated in vitro with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), recombinant IL-9 or recombinant IL-23. Our results show an expansion of γδ T cells with a predominant effector memory phenotype in peripheral blood and synovium of untreated PsA patients, which reverses significantly after treatment with anti-TNF-α or anti-IL-12/IL-23R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Moreover, in PsA patients γδ T cells activation is driven prevalently by IL-9/IL-9R interaction, and not only by IL-23/IL-23R. Together these findings indicate γδ T cells and IL-9 as new players in the pathogenesis of PsA.


Assuntos
Artrite Psoriásica/imunologia , Artrite Psoriásica/metabolismo , Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite Psoriásica/diagnóstico , Artrite Psoriásica/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Líquido Sinovial/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
16.
Cir Pediatr ; 29(4): 135-141, 2016 Oct 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28481064

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Parotid tumors are rare in children and usually have multiple differential diagnoses that require different diagnostic and treatment methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all consecutive pediatric patients with parotid tumors that were treated in Pediatric Surgery Service of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with parotid tumors were included and 72% (n=16) were female patients. The median age was 10 years (range: prenatal to 19 years). Imaging studies: ultrasound, CT and MRI. Diagnostic methods: needle or open biopsy (14), biopsy of lymph nodes (3), imaging (4), blood test (1). Treatment: surgical resection (12), medical treatment (7), sclerotherapy (2). Diverse histological diagnosis were obtained: pleomorphic adenoma (4), infantile hemangioma (4), PNET (2), low flow vascular malformation (2), Castleman's disease (1), schwannoma (1), neuroblastoma (1), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (1), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1) RICH (Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma) (1), granulomatous disease (1), reactive adenitis (1), parotid cyst (1), ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) (1). Follow-up (42,5 months): 18 patients are free of disease, 3 are currently under medical treatment and 1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Our series shows the diversity that parotid tumor can present in pediatric population and is consistent with the literature there the incidence of benign lesions are predominant. However, it is difficult to predict risk of malignancy. An exhaustive diagnosis is important, using complementary methods and biopsy whenever that is necessary.


INTRODUCCION: Los tumores de la región parotídea son raros en Pediatría, y suelen presentar múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales que requieren diferentes métodos diagnósticos y de tratamiento. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de todos los pacientes pediátricos consecutivos con tumores de la región parotídea en el periodo 2003-2016, que fueron atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 22 pacientes con tumores de la región parotídea. El 72% (n=16) fueron pacientes del sexo femenino. La mediana de edad fue de 10 años (rango: prenatal a 19 años). Estudios complementarios: Ecografía, TC y RMN. Confirmación diagnóstica: biopsia por punción o quirúrgica (14), biopsia de adenopatías (3), diagnóstico por imágenes (4), laboratorio (1). Tratamiento: resección quirúrgica (12), tratamiento médico (7), escleroterapia (2). Diagnósticos diferenciales: adenoma pleomorfo (4), hemangioma infantil (4), malformación vascular de bajo flujo (2), PNET (2), enfermedad de Castleman (1), schwannoma (1), neuroblastoma (1), rabdomiosarcoma alveolar (1), carcinoma mucoepidermoide (1), RICH (hemangioma congénito rápidamente involutivo) (1), enfermedad granulomatosa (1), adenitis reactiva (1), quiste parotídeo (1), LLA (leucemina linfoblástica aguda) (1). Seguimiento medio de 42,5 meses: libres de enfermedad (18), realizando tratamiento médico (3), óbito (1). CONCLUSIONES: Nuestra serie demuestra la gran variedad diagnóstica que pueden presentar los tumores de la región parotídea en la población pediátrica y concuerda con la literatura donde se observa mayor incidencia de lesiones benignas. Sin embargo, es difícil predecir el riesgo de malignidad. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico exhaustivo, utilizando métodos complementarios de imágenes y biopsia ante la duda diagnóstica.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Parotídeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Parotídeas/terapia , Adenoma Pleomorfo/diagnóstico , Adenoma Pleomorfo/terapia , Adolescente , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Hemangioma/terapia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Região Parotídea , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
17.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol ; 25(1): 99-105, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22507322

RESUMO

In vivo exposure to microorganisms resident in the oral cavity is considered as a possible cause of Kawasaki disease (KD), and some epitopes derived from streptococci display homology with Factor H of Complement. Additionally, calprotectin, a major calcium binding protein released by neutrophils and activated monocytes, could be directly involved in endothelial damage occurring in KD. The aim of our study is to evaluate the percentages of IFN-gamma+ and/or TNF-alpha+ lymphocytes and double positive calprotectin/TNF-alpha monocytes (CD14+) after in vitro stimulation with streptococcal- and/or Factor H-derived peptides, in patients with acute KD. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) obtained from KD patients and febrile controls were stimulated in vitro with peptides. After culture, cells were collected, stained with fluorochrome-labelled monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD14, calprotectin, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and cytofluorimetric analyses were performed. Our results showed increased percentages of TNF-alpha+/IFN-gamma+ lymphocytes in KD patients in respect to controls when PBMCs were stimulated with streptococcal or Factor H-derived epitopes. In addition, also calprotectin+/TNF-alpha+ monocytes from KD patients were activated after PBMC in vitro stimulation. These findings lead us to speculate that some peptides, derived from oral streptococci and cross-reactive with the human Factor H of Complement, could induce lymphocyte and monocyte activation potentially involved in the pathogenesis of KD. Our results should be confirmed by further studies enrolling more patients and controls than those analyzed in our study.


Assuntos
Interferon gama/sangue , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/sangue , Monócitos/química , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/imunologia , Linfócitos T/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Doença Aguda , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/fisiologia , Masculino
18.
Tuberculosis (Edinb) ; 87(4): 312-21, 2007 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17382591

RESUMO

Granulysin is a recently identified cytolytic protein which is expressed by human cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK)-cells, and has broad antimicrobial and tumoricidal activity. Circulating granulysin levels are associated with T- and NK-cell activity, and may thus reflect protection-associated cellular immune responses. In a case-control study in Indonesia, a highly tuberculosis (TB)-endemic country, we therefore determined plasma granulysin levels in adults with active pulmonary TB before, during, and after TB treatment, both in mild/moderate-TB and advanced-TB patients, and compared these to healthy neighbourhood controls. Adults with active pulmonary TB had significantly lower plasma granulysin levels compared to controls. After 2 months of anti-TB therapy, levels in TB patients had significantly increased, reaching values similar to those in controls. Plasma granulysin levels further increased after completion of TB therapy, being significantly higher than those in controls. Plasma granulysin levels correlated inversely with TB disease activity but not with TB disease severity. In contrast, plasma interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels were significantly higher in active TB cases than in controls, normalised during treatment and correlated with both TB disease activity and TB disease severity. At the cellular level, granulysin and IFN-gamma expression both correlated inversely with disease activity. Interestingly, granulysin was predominantly expressed by IFN-gamma negative T-cells, suggesting that the cellular sources of IFN-gamma and granulysin in TB are partly non-overlapping. The observation that plasma granulysin levels and cellular IFN-gamma production correlate with curative host responses in pulmonary tuberculosis points to a potentially important role of granulysin, next to IFN-gamma, in host defence against M. tuberculosis.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/sangue , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/fisiologia , Interferon gama/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
19.
J Cell Biochem ; 86(1): 162-73, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12112027

RESUMO

CD95 and ceramide are known to be involved in the apoptotic mechanism. The triggering of CD95 induces a cascade of metabolic events that progressively and dramatically modifies the cell shape by intense membrane blebbing, leading to apoptotic bodies production. Although the CD95 pathway has been abundantly described in normal thyrocytes, the effects of cell permeable synthetic ceramide at morphological and biochemical levels are not fully known. In the present study, we show that thyroid follicular cells (TFC) exposed to 20 microM of C(2)-ceramide for 4 h are characterized by morphological features of necrosis, such as electron-lucent cytoplasm, mitochondrial swelling, and loss of plasma membrane integrity without drastic morphological changes in the nuclei. By contrast, TFC treated with 2 microM of C(2)-ceramide for 4 h are able to accumulate GD3, activate caspases cascade, and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that 20 microM of C(2)-ceramide determine the destruction of mitochondria and are not able to induce PARP cleavage and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, suggesting that the apoptotic program is not activated during the death process and nuclear DNA is randomly cleaved as the consequence of cellular degeneration. Pretreatment with 30 microM of zVAD-fmk rescued TFC from 2 microM of C(2)-ceramide-induced apoptosis, whereas, 20 microM of C(2)-ceramide exposure induced necrotic features. Deltapsi(m) was obviously altered in cells treated with 20 microM of C(2)-ceramide for 4 h (75% +/- 3.5%) compared with the low percentage (12.5% +/- 0.4%) of cells with altered Deltapsi(m) exposed to 2 microM of C(2)-ceramide. Whereas, only 20% +/- 1.1% of cells treated with anti-CD95 for 1 h showed altered Deltapsi(m). Additionally, Bax and Bak, two pro-apoptotic members, seem to be not oligomerized in the mitochondrial membrane following ceramide exposure. These results imply that high levels of exogenous ceramide contribute to the necrotic process in TFC, and may provide key molecular basis to the understanding of thyroid signaling pathways that might promote the apoptotic mechanism in thyroid tumoral cells.


Assuntos
Necrose , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Esfingosina/administração & dosagem , Esfingosina/farmacologia , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/patologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Esfingosina/toxicidade , Glândula Tireoide/ultraestrutura , Proteína Killer-Antagonista Homóloga a bcl-2 , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2 , Receptor fas/metabolismo
20.
Eur J Histochem ; 45(2): 163-8, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11512637

RESUMO

Studies concerning the development of the magnocellular system are scarce and discordant in literature. We carried out an immunohistochemical study on supraotic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei using antivasopressin and antioxytocin antibodies in developing rats between the 15th day of intrauterine life and the 6th day of postnatal life. In addition, we performed RT-PCR experiments to establish the stage at which these hormones appear and neurosecretory activity commences. The results showed that supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei appear, respectively, on the 16th and the 18th day of intrauterine life and both immediately synthetize vasopressin neurohormone. By contrast, synthesis of oxytocin takes place from the 2nd day after birth. Probably, these nuclei synthetize oxytocin in conjunction with the decline of placental maternal oxytocin.


Assuntos
Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Núcleo Supraóptico/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Hipotálamo/embriologia , Hipotálamo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Sistemas Neurossecretores/embriologia , Sistemas Neurossecretores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sistemas Neurossecretores/metabolismo , Ocitocina/genética , Ocitocina/metabolismo , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/embriologia , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Núcleo Supraóptico/embriologia , Núcleo Supraóptico/metabolismo , Vasopressinas/genética , Vasopressinas/metabolismo
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